使用Nginx+Unicorn+Capistrano+Sinatra搭建Ruby Web应用
记录一下使用如下工具搭建一个简单的Ruby Web应用的过程： ###工具集：
- Nginx — 前端服务器
- Unicorn — 应用容器
- Capistrano — 自动部署工具
- Sinatra — 极轻量级Web框架
###步骤：
-
使用Sinatra提供的DSL编写一个能够运行的最小化web应用：
# Gemfile source 'http://ruby.taobao.org/' gem 'sinatra' *** # app.rb require 'sinatra' get '/' do 'Hello world' end 使用`bundle exec ruby app.rb`检验应用是否能正常运行： twer@app$ bundle exec ruby app.rb [2014-02-06 03:06:59] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2014-02-06 03:06:59] INFO ruby 1.9.3 (2013-11-22) [x86_64-darwin13.0.0] == Sinatra/1.4.4 has taken the stage on 4567 for development with backup from WEBrick [2014-02-06 03:06:59] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=62687 port=4567 访问[http://localhost:4567](http://localhost:4567)应该能得到'Hello world'的响应 -
现在将其整理为Rack-based app：
# app.rb require 'sinatra' class App < Sinatra::Base get '/' do 'Hello world' end end *** # config.ru root = ::File.dirname(__FILE__) require ::File.join(root, 'app') run App 使用`rackup -p1818`检验应用是否能正常运行： twer@app$ rackup -p1818 Thin web server (v1.6.1 codename Death Proof) Maximum connections set to 1024 Listening on 0.0.0.0:1818, CTRL+C to stop 访问[http://localhost:1818](http://localhost:1818)应该能得到'Hello world'的响应 -
引入unicorn和capistrano配置：
# Gemfile source 'http://ruby.taobao.org/' gem 'sinatra' gem 'unicorn' gem 'capistrano', '~> 2.15.5' gem 'rvm-capistrano' 使用`bundle install`安装相应的gem包后，运行`capify .`生成部署所需的配置文件： twer@app$ capify . [add] writing './Capfile' [add] making directory './config' [add] writing './config/deploy.rb' [done] capified! 配置config/deploy.rb，注意git仓库地址的配置，以及阿里云服务器ip地址及用户名的配置： # config/deploy.rb require 'rvm/capistrano' set :rvm_ruby_string, '1.9.3' set :rvm_type, :system # Bundler tasks require 'bundler/capistrano' # Your application name set :application, 'my-ruby-web-demo' # Input your git repository address set :repository, 'git@github.com:tongzh/my-ruby-web-demo.git' set :scm, :git # do not use sudo set :use_sudo, false set(:run_method) { use_sudo ? :sudo : :run } # This is needed to correctly handle sudo password prompt default_run_options[:pty] = true # Input your username to login remote server address set :user, 'root' set :group, user set :runner, user # Input your server address set :host, "#{user}@115.28.137.21" role :web, host role :app, host set :rails_env, :production # Where will it be located on a server? set :deploy_to, "/srv/#{application}" set :unicorn_conf, "#{deploy_to}/current/config/unicorn.rb" set :unicorn_pid, "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid" # Unicorn control tasks namespace :deploy do task :restart do run "if [ -f #{unicorn_pid} ]; then kill -USR2 `cat #{unicorn_pid}`; else cd #{deploy_to}/current && bundle exec unicorn -c #{unicorn_conf} -E #{rails_env} -D; fi" end task :start do run "cd #{deploy_to}/current && bundle exec unicorn -c #{unicorn_conf} -E #{rails_env} -D" end task :stop do run "if [ -f #{unicorn_pid} ]; then kill -QUIT `cat #{unicorn_pid}`; fi" end end 新建config/unicorn.rb文件，对unicorn进行配置： # config/unicorn.rb deploy_to = '/srv/my-ruby-web-demo' rails_root = "#{deploy_to}/current" pid_file = "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid" socket_file= "#{deploy_to}/shared/unicorn.sock" log_file = "#{rails_root}/log/unicorn.log" err_log = "#{rails_root}/log/unicorn_error.log" old_pid = pid_file + '.oldbin' timeout 30 worker_processes 2 # increase or decrease listen socket_file, :backlog => 1024 pid pid_file stderr_path err_log stdout_path log_file # make forks faster preload_app true # make sure that Bundler finds the Gemfile before_exec do |server| ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] = File.expand_path('../Gemfile', File.dirname(__FILE__)) end before_fork do |server, worker| defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect! # zero downtime deploy magic: # if unicorn is already running, ask it to start a new process and quit. if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid begin Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i) rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH # someone else did our job for us end end end after_fork do |server, worker| # re-establish activerecord connections. defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection end 然后push代码到git仓库。 - 在正式进行部署前，ssh登录到远程主机上依次安装所需的软件环境：
-
依次使用
cap deploy:setup和cap deploy命令进行部署：twer@app<master>$ cap deploy:setup triggering load callbacks * 2014-02-06 21:13:12 executing `deploy:setup' * executing "mkdir -p /srv/my-ruby-web-demo /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/system /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/log /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids" servers: ["115.28.137.21"] Password: [root@115.28.137.21] executing command command finished in 647ms * executing "chmod g+w /srv/my-ruby-web-demo /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/system /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/log /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids" servers: ["115.28.137.21"] [root@115.28.137.21] executing command command finished in 644ms *** twer@app<master>$ cap deploy triggering load callbacks * 2014-02-06 21:20:06 executing `deploy' * 2014-02-06 21:20:06 executing `deploy:update' ** transaction: start * 2014-02-06 21:20:06 executing `deploy:update_code' executing locally: "git ls-remote git@github.com:tongzh/my-ruby-web-demo.git HEAD" command finished in 7722ms * executing "git clone -q git@github.com:tongzh/my-ruby-web-demo.git /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && cd /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && git checkout -q -b deploy 0de5794f2d7e13af76e671df6a7796c676e88e2b && (echo 0de5794f2d7e13af76e671df6a7796c676e88e2b > /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/REVISION)" servers: ["115.28.137.21"] Password: [root@115.28.137.21] executing command command finished in 4891ms * 2014-02-06 21:20:25 executing `deploy:finalize_update' triggering before callbacks for `deploy:finalize_update' * 2014-02-06 21:20:25 executing `bundle:install' * executing "cd /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && bundle install --gemfile /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/Gemfile --path /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/bundle --deployment --quiet --without development test" servers: ["115.28.137.21"] [root@115.28.137.21] executing command command finished in 45056ms * executing "chmod -R -- g+w /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && rm -rf -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/system && mkdir -p -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/ && ln -s -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/system /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/system && rm -rf -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/log && ln -s -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/log /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/log && rm -rf -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/tmp/pids && mkdir -p -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/tmp/ && ln -s -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/tmp/pids" servers: ["115.28.137.21"] [root@115.28.137.21] executing command command finished in 692ms * executing "find /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/images /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/stylesheets /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/javascripts -exec touch -t 201402061021.11 -- {} ';'; true" servers: ["115.28.137.21"] [root@115.28.137.21] executing command ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] find: `/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/images': No such file or directory ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] find: `/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/stylesheets': No such file or directory ** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] find: `/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/javascripts': No such file or directory command finished in 655ms * 2014-02-06 21:21:12 executing `deploy:create_symlink' * executing "rm -f /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current && ln -s /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current" servers: ["115.28.137.21"] [root@115.28.137.21] executing command command finished in 702ms ** transaction: commit * 2014-02-06 21:21:12 executing `deploy:restart' * executing "if [ -f /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids/unicorn.pid ]; then kill -USR2 `cat /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids/unicorn.pid`; else cd /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current && bundle exec unicorn -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D; fi" servers: ["115.28.137.21"] [root@115.28.137.21] executing command command finished in 1633ms 确保以上操作无异常输出，然后登录到远程主机上查看应用是否已正常装载到unicorn进程中： root@~$ ps aux | grep my-ruby-web-demo root 20071 0.0 7.3 218396 37016 ? Sl 21:21 0:00 unicorn master -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D root 20074 0.0 7.2 218396 36476 ? Sl 21:21 0:00 unicorn worker[0] -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D root 20076 0.0 7.2 218396 36476 ? Sl 21:21 0:00 unicorn worker[1] -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D root 20141 0.0 0.1 103208 824 pts/1 S+ 21:23 0:00 grep my-ruby-web-demo -
在远程主机上安装nginx，并在nginx配置中增添一个反向代理配置，将请求分发给应用所在的unicorn进程：
# /etc/nginx/default.conf upstream my-ruby-web-demo-unicorn { server unix:/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/unicorn.sock fail_timeout=0; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; root /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/public; location / { try_files $uri @net; } location @net { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_redirect off; proxy_pass http://my-ruby-web-demo-unicorn; } error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } } 在远程主机上重启nginx：`service nginx restart`，之后通过远程主机的ip就可以访问到所部署的应用程序的'Hello world'响应了。
###参考：
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Published
06 February 2014